Kumu / Finance & Securities / Stage 1
Stage 1 — Executive Brief
400–600 words to your CFO: here's our exposure, here's why it can hurt us, here are the three families of tools, and here's the analysis I'm going to build. Executive-friendly, no jargon-dumping.
This is the project's engagement brief: one document, written before any modeling, with the CFO as its reader. It carries the exposure and the plan below, and the brief's own commitments: what you assume, what you expect, and what would prove you wrong.
Objective
- How to translate a market risk into business language a decision-maker acts on
- The three hedge families and the one-line trade-off of each
- How to scope a multi-stage analysis before building it
Learn — what the exposure actually is
Your scenario firm expects a foreign-currency payment, say EUR 4,500,000 in one year. The business risk in one sentence: the euro amount is fixed, but the dollar amount isn't.
If EURUSD = 1.10 at settlement → 4,500,000 × 1.10 = $4,950,000
If EURUSD = 1.00 at settlement → 4,500,000 × 1.00 = $4,500,000
gap: $450,000 ← a real budget hole
A 9% currency move, well within a normal year for EURUSD, swings proceeds by nearly half a million dollars. That's the story your brief opens with: currency, amount, timing, and what an adverse move does to USD cash flow.
Learn — the three hedge families, brief-sized
| Family | One-line mechanics | Pro | Con |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward / futures | Contract today to sell EUR at a locked rate on the settlement date | Complete certainty: budget is safe | Give up all upside if EUR strengthens; counterparty/margin mechanics |
| Money-market hedge | Borrow EUR today, convert at spot, invest the USD: a do-it-yourself forward built from interest rates | Same certainty as a forward; useful when forwards are unavailable or mispriced | Uses borrowing capacity; more moving parts |
| Options (put floor) | Buy the right, not the obligation, to sell EUR at a strike | Floor under proceeds plus upside participation | Premium paid up front, hedge or not |
Insurance framing wins with executives
Forwards are like selling the house forward at a fixed price; options are like fire insurance: you pay a premium and hope to waste it. CFOs think in these terms; a brief that does too reads as judgment, not homework.
Before you write about these alternatives, spend twenty minutes in the FX Hedging Lab watching a forward, a money-market hedge, and an option priced side by side. Seeing the payoffs compute makes the brief's trade-offs concrete instead of abstract.
Do — commit to a prediction
The engagement brief's sections go in this same document, after the hedge families:
- What I am assuming: the assumptions you take as given, and which you would test with more time.
- Hypothesis: "I expect X because Y," in real quantities, with the mechanism you think decides it. It is a prediction about what the model will show, not a recommendation. The recommendation waits for Stage 5.
- How I would know I was wrong: the observation that would falsify the hypothesis.
Open the file with the brief's frontmatter, so a reader, or a model, knows what it is before reading it:
---
type: brief
engagement: fx-hedging
capability: fx-hedging
date: YYYY-MM-DD
status: committed # committed | superseded
hypothesis: "One line: what you expect the model to show, and why"
---
Do — close on the next steps
Close the brief by previewing the machine you're about to build:
- Stage 2 — Model specification: the workbook designed on paper: named ranges, tabs, formula logic, validation checks
- Stage 3 — AI-assisted build + audit: an AI generates the workbook from your spec; you audit and fix its output
- Stage 4 — Live market data: real, sourced, timestamped prices replace the placeholders
- Stage 5 — Validate & decision memo: independent LLM run, hand verification, and the final call in a decision memo
This paragraph matters: it tells the CFO a process is coming, not a gut call.
Do — know where this project's files go
Stage 0 stood up your portfolio repo, and this project adds no folders to it. Every stage from
here commits into a folder you already have: the spec and the workbook into the capability
folder, capabilities/fx-hedging/, beside its README.md, the way the Micro & Macro Economics course
keeps capabilities/marginal-analysis/.
firstname-lastname/
capabilities/
fx-hedging/ README.md, spec.md (Stage 2), model.xlsx (Stages 3–4)
docs/
decisions/ the executive brief, and the decision memo
data/ market data, with source and timestamp
analysis/ the build audit, and the validation work
Paths moved (2026-09-24)
The spec and the workbook now live together in capabilities/fx-hedging/
(spec.md, model.xlsx, and the folder's README.md), the way
the Micro & Macro Economics course keeps capabilities/marginal-analysis/. The older docs/specs/ and
models/builds/ folders belong to an earlier version of this project; if yours already has them,
move the files across.
| Stage | Deliverable | Where it goes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Executive brief (hedge framing) | docs/briefs/YYYY-MM-DD-{scenario}-hedge-brief.md |
| 2 | Model specification | capabilities/fx-hedging/spec.md · capabilities/fx-hedging/README.md |
| 3 | Built workbook + build audit | capabilities/fx-hedging/model.xlsx · analysis/YYYY-MM-DD-{scenario}-build-audit-analysis.md |
| 4 | Market-data memo | data/YYYY-MM-DD-{scenario}-market-data-memo.md |
| 5 | Validation + decision memo | analysis/YYYY-MM-DD-{scenario}-validation-analysis.md · docs/decisions/YYYY-MM-DD-{scenario}-hedge-decision-memo.md |
Every graded file outside the capability folder carries the same prefix:
YYYY-MM-DD-{scenario}-{type}, a real date, your scenario slug, and what the document is (brief, memo, analysis);
the capability folder's files keep plain names, because the folder already says what they are. Note the split: the repo is named for
you; individual files carry the date and scenario, so a folder full of them
stays legible. Each stage page restates its own path, so you never have to come back here. This
is the whole map in one place.
Deliverable
| What | Where it goes |
|---|---|
| The brief (your engagement brief) | docs/briefs/YYYY-MM-DD-{scenario}-hedge-brief.md |
| The capability folder | capabilities/fx-hedging/README.md: in place from Stage 0; the spec and workbook land beside it |
- Used the
template-decision-memo.mdas the starting structure - Exposure stated precisely: currency, amount, settlement timing
- The risk quantified in USD terms (what an adverse move costs)
- All three hedge families covered with a pro and con each
- Next-steps roadmap previews Stages 2–5
- Filename follows the convention:
YYYY-MM-DD-{scenario}-hedge-brief.md - 400–600 words, executive tone
- Committed to
docs/briefs/and visible on GitHub capabilities/fx-hedging/README.mdin place: Stages 2–4 commit beside it- Engagement-brief frontmatter at the top:
type: briefand a one-linehypothesis - Assumptions listed; hypothesis stated as "I expect X because Y," with the observation that would prove it wrong
This project files the engagement brief in docs/briefs/ under the dated name above.